Final Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Final Paper - Essay Example Those who wanted to purchase homes in black neighborhoods were not covered in their mortgage even if they were financially well-off. As a result, black families and communities became trapped in these poor communities and their plight was not improved at all when other white communities were flourishing. Part of the development process in the cities also included the building of freeways cutting through many black communities and areas, prompting these people to move and settle in the suburbs or in other more convenient areas. The devastating part about the building of the freeway system is that it only cut through the black and poorer communities, but hardly through rich and white neighborhoods. This practice successfully separated black and white communities, or poor and rich communities – it successfully displaced the already disadvantaged black communities into poorer and even more dangerous neighborhoods. The government also provided much motivation for the middle class whites to leave the cities and flee to the suburbs. Motivation came in the form of mortgage and tax exemptions offered to veterans. Consequently, these individuals took advantage of these benefits and further increased the gap between the rich and the poor and increasing the concentration of poverty in some areas. These suburban communities featured successful individuals – most of them were white. In fact, the first black family to settle in such an urban community was bullied and eventually driven out of the community. In effect, the rich and the white status of said communities were maintained and the black and poor image of the urban poor was also maintained. Moreover, zoning policies further restricted the access of the poorer people to the more affluent and more progressive urban communities. New housing policies which were set forth in the aftermath of the

Biologically Important Molecules Introduction Essay Example for Free

Biologically Important Molecules Introduction Essay Organic compounds found in organisms include: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Each play an integral part in biological systems, for instance, carbohydrates are the main source of fuel for organisms. Proteins contribute to the structure of organisms, lipids make up membranes of cells, and nucleic acids make up DNA and RNA for carrying the genetic code. Scientists have established different ways to indicate presence of these compounds, one way is to test for these various compounds via solution tests. Scientists have established terms for evaluation. The terms include positive and negative control. Positive control contains the variable for which the test will react positively. A negative control on the other hand does not contain the variable and thus will result in a negative result. Solutions which contain the variable or compounds which react with the tests will produce a positive control; otherwise a negative control will result. Materials and Methods An experiment was carried out to test the presence of certain organic compounds found in various solutions. The Benedict’s test is to test for reducing sugars, Iodine test tests for starch, Biuret test tests for proteins, specifically peptide bonds between amino acids, lastly Sudan IV tests for lipids. Ten drops of various solutions including: onion juice, potato juice, sucrose solution, glucose solution, distilled water, reducing-sugar solution, and starch solution where each tested by Benedicts and Iodine tests respectively. For the Benedicts test, each test tube containing the solution and 2mL of Benedict’s solution were each placed in a hot water-bath for three minutes then examined for color change. The Iodine test was not however placed in the water-bath. For the Biuret test, solutions that were tested for include 2mL of each: egg albumin, honey, amino acid solution, distilled water, and protein solution. The Sudan IV test was carried out for the following 1mL solutions: oil with water, oil, honey, distilled water, and a known lipid solution. Lastly an experiment for polarity was also conducted which consisted of oil mixed with distilled water and acetone respectively. As the reaction proceeded for each experiment color was recorded and that indicated either a positive or negative control for each solution.

Sweat By Zora Neale Hurston :: essays research papers

Delia, a flower in a rough of weeds. That is what I got from this story in one sentence, although knowing my grammar possibly not. Hurston’s tale of a shattered woman, gives us a glimpse into what was possibly the life of women at that time. There were many convictions against men in the story, although it may have been unintentional, not to say she was a hard-core feminist there were episodes of male remorse. Narrator, this was a third person account, thus leaving much to the imagination. The conversation’s language was left as if truly taken from an African American speaker in the south in such a time. The way Hurston made the scenery appear before me was like a white sheet gets stained with red wine, unable to wash out of my mind. The narration was very brut in a grammatical manner, giving a wash bucket effect of never being settled. Many of the story’s aspects were dominated by setting a slow rise and crashing climax. There were many such climaxes, Pg. 2, Pg. 7, and Pg. 9, give this such evidence. The flow kept me interested, and would grasp my attention as a TV show would. Although is context was far from a TV show. There was much talk about civil lifestyles by the town folk, which were a particularly an odd selection of people to intervene in such a story. Although the reaction witnessed by this allowed us to get another insight, from a second person perspective. Hurston was very clear about here point of irony, especially by the ending. Hurston kept constant the folk lore style of story telling, by keeping a moral to the story. Many of the stories aspects in moral were shown indistinctively. There were not many hidden messages, Hurston made the story clear to let us easily grasp the moral. There were fore-telling of the end through out the story, such as in the 1st paragraph Pg.

Marketing Plan For Perfume JAdore, By Dior Essay -- Fragrance Marketi

My product: Dior’s Perfume, J’adore 1. J’adore is a timeless fragrance by Christian Dior. It was created in 1999 and remains one of the most popular fragrances of the brand for women. Christian Dior, the father of the â€Å"New Look†, stated the principal goal to â€Å"save women from nature†. Dior is known everywhere in the world. â€Å"Absolute feminity† is one of the slogans for J’adore. 2. Dior uses different market segmentations to sell their product. First of all, there is a geographic segmentation. Perfumes are luxury products. Thus, they target wealthier areas like North America, Western Europe, Japan, etc. Since Dior is popular worldwide, we can obviously find it everywhere, but their market is based on these areas’ needs. Then, they use demographic segmentation. They target adult women who have quite high incomes. Perfumes are something not everybody can afford. This fragrance can be worn for any occasion, special as well as regular; it is light but demonstrates personality and feminity. They are trying to get a medium to strong loyalty status. As for any perfume, if a woman likes it; she will probably buy it again. It is a very accessible product. Any store like Macy’s, Nordstrom or Sephora in North America or â€Å"perfumeries† in Western Europe will sell J’adore. The segment is very large, because many people, even if they do not fall in one category, will buy perfumes for special occasions, like Christmas. This is a gift that always makes a woman happy, and Dior develops its marketing around that. Indeed, during Christmas, they make a lot of offers that combines a lotion with the perfume for example. Also, there are no separate segments between women; all women want to wear perfume. 3. There are many competitors when it comes... ...d is cold†) and diamonds. That was a big hit. That way, they made J’adore different from Chanel’s perfume. It was distinctive, because they communicated that the product was above the most precious materials, thus superior to the competitor’s product. It would be very hard for the competitors to copy this difference. The prices of J’adore, Coco Mademoiselle, or Ô are very similar. Thus, the customer would not have to pay a lot more for the difference. The smell of J’adore is just perfect for any occasion. It is discrete, but not anonymous. It gives an identity to the woman who wears it; it makes her feel good and confident. I think J’adore proposes â€Å"more for the same†. The price is almost the same as its competitors, but the quality, overall rating, and popularity is better. Resources www.chanel.com/fragrance www.lancome-usa.com/fragrance www.prada.com

Tiered Lesson Plan

Differentiated instruction is a concept that has gained in popularity over the past few years. The goal of differentiated instruction is to maximize learning success for all students. This type of instruction provides a variety of different ways for students to take in information and make sense of ideas (Hall, 2002). The expectation associated with differentiated instruction is that a teacher is willing to make certain modifications in order to ensure learning participation by all students (Hall, 2002).Each student learns in a different way and in order to make sure that all students meet educational objectives differentiated instruction uses a combination of whole group, small group and individual instruction in order to meet the learning needs of all students (Hall, 2002). In addition, differentiated instruction recognizes that all students have different background knowledge, readiness, language, preferences in learning and interests. Recognizing these differences allows all stud ents, regardless of academic ability, the chance to succeed in school.Unfortunately, society has a negative attitude about those with learning disabilities (Carolan & Guinn, 2007). However, it is essential that teachers are able to modify lesson and curriculum in order to meet the learning needs of all students. Teachers cannot have abelist attitudes towards their students. They cannot expect them to do things they are not able to do (Carolan & Guinn, 2007). Therefore, this lesson aims to â€Å"minimize the impact of disability and maximize the opportunities for students with disabilities to participate in schooling and the community† (Carolan & Guinn, 2007).The lesson calls for each student to write a report about a farm animal. Modifications about length, number of sentences and spelling requirements can be made for struggling writers in Tier I performing below grade level. A visit to a local farm has allowed all students the chance to see animals in their natural habitat t o find out what they eat, what their offspring are called and what resource their animal provides for humans. In order to encourage struggling writers to include all of this information they could write a list instead of whole sentences.In addition, they could include illustrations to help them get their point across. The idea behind the standard (Students use writing as a tool for learning, inquiry, and research) is that students get the opportunity to practice their writing skills. For a struggling writer, simply writing a few words would meet that objective. In addition, students are also required to write a letter to their animal. For struggling writers this could include just one sentence and a picture. Another option would be to have students glue a picture of their animal to a piece of paper and thank their animal for what it provides to humans.Tier II includes students learning at grade level. These students must complete the objective according to grade level so they will b e required to include three complete sentences in their letter to their animal. They will also include information about their day in their letter. These students will be expected to use proper capitalization and punctuation as well. Tier III includes students performing above grade level. Often these students are not challenged enough in the classroom so certain modifications need to be made to ensure that they are learning.To this end, these students can write a complete story about their trip to the farm including a beginning, middle and end. They could also create a poster telling why their animal is the best animal on the farm. These activities, in addition to required assignments, will provide high achieving students with the chance to further their writing skills through extended activities. In order to best serve each student they must be placed in the appropriate tier. Students of the same age are not all alike when it comes to learning (Tomlinson, 2001).Therefore, careful consideration must be made when choosing the best tier for each student. In differentiated instruction, commonalities among students are noted but differences are also addressed as well (Tomlinson, 2001). Realizing the differences is what allows a teacher to maximize educational success for all students regardless of ability level. Each tier allows students to process and internalize information based on their specific skill level (Tomlinson, 2001). This type of division promotes classroom learning by all students. Students will be placed in tiers based on their writing abilities.Students who struggle to write complete sentences, form individual letters or incorporate capitalization and punctuation will be placed in Tier I. These students will enhance their skill level in these areas by focusing on fewer sentences but more time spent on creating a correct sentence. Students who are performing at grade level based on writing skills will be placed in Tier II. These students will displ ay the ability to write complete sentences using capitalization and punctuation and will also be able to write legibly in order to get their point across.Finally, students who are performing above grade level will be placed in Tier III. These students will show remarkable ability to quickly write more than three complete and correct sentences. They will show higher levels of thinking in their writing. The lesson will be considered successful when all students have correct written work to show for their time. Regardless of ability level, all students will write, based on their individual skills, correct sentences.Tier I students will write one complete and correct sentence that shows improvement in capitalization and punctuation just as Tier II students will write three sentences. Tier III students will show higher levels of learning through writing using paragraphs. It doesn’t matter how many sentences each student writes, but it does matter if they can show what they have le arned about farm animals through the writing of clear and concise sentences. Grades will be given based on the final product but the most important assessment of student learning is the growth a teacher is able to see from each student (Tomlinson, 2001).

7 Interview Secrets for Introverts

7 Interview Secrets for Introverts Raise your hand if you’ve gone to an interview, and been so nervous about the whole thing that afterward, you couldn’t remember half of what happened. (Raises hand.) Now raise your hand if that’s happened multiple times, because anxiety. (Hand still raised.) Interviewing can be really tough if you’re not a natural extrovert. Meeting new people, having to be â€Å"on† at all times, trying to negotiate the interaction†¦it can be exhausting. And more importantly, it can undermine your job search, even when you know you’re qualified, and have an A+ resume. Nerves or pauses can come off as seeming unprepared, which is the last thing you want.The way to get around this, and seem like you put yourself out there all the time, no big deal, is to develop coping mechanisms that will have you schmoozing like someone who does it all the time. That being said, here are 7 interview secrets for introverts.1. Chill- it’s just a conversation.It can be very daunting to walk into an interview. It’s just so formal. The handshake, the eye contact, all of it. Instead, remember that this is literally a conversation between two (or more) people, at heart. You already have an â€Å"in,† so it’s not like you have to start from scratch with conversation topics. Always remember that even though the stakes are higher than your average chat over coffee, you’re talking to regular people, not CIA interrogators.2. Show off those listening skills.One of the best social skills that many introverts have is the ability to listen carefully and zero in on the heart of the issue- one of the most beneficial skills to bring into an interview. Even if you’re used to being the one who hangs back in conversation, that’s something you can use to your advantage in a job interview. A customized answer to a complicated question can give you an edge of someone who’s in extrovert interview mode, and working fro m a set of personal talking points.3. Bring notes.Personally, one of my biggest interview challenges is feeling like I’m rambling or forgetting crucial information in the moment. Notes can help with that. Unless the interview is bizarrely like the SATs, where notes and calculators are not allowed, it’s not likely any interviewer would object to you having a notebook in front of you. That way, if you start to feel nervous or like you’re having trouble thinking on your feet, you have your prep notes right there for reference. However, be careful not to lean on these too much- you want to maintain the eye contact and conversational flow.4. Anticipate small talk.It’s going to happen. After the initial offer of water or coffee, there will always be some small talk. If that’s not your strong suit, think of a few topics ahead of time: the weather (clichà © but it works), the commute, that awesome painting in the lobby. Honestly, this will be the easiest part of the interview, so it’s not worth stressing about whether you’ll have anything in common with the interviewer.Be prepared to have a few casual minutes of talking about things that aren’t directly related to the job at hand. Also be prepared to think on your feet. For example, if you’re in someone’s office and see a Yankees cap, it’s a good chance to comment on their World Series chances this year.5. Realize you’re there to brag.If you struggle with being the center of attention, find ways to couch your accomplishments as part of your current company’s growth/positive outcomes, or focus on things you’ve been praised for in the past. It can be easier to illustrate your awesomeness than to come out and say, â€Å"I’m awesome.† It’s also good to focus on things that make you genuinely excited about your job- if you light up when you talk about something, that’s an easy win and engages the i nterviewer.6. Practice, practice, practice.Know the job description cold. Know ahead of time what questions you have about the job or company. Know what you want to to emphasize in your own history and experience. Then, once you have those in mind, practice answering questions about all of them. The more familiar you are with the lines of the conversation ahead of time, the easier it will be to deal with them when you’re in an unfamiliar space with unfamiliar faces.7. Use the thank you email to your advantage.If you did fumble something or let nerves get the better of you in part of the interview, the follow-up note can help you clarify a bungled point. If you’re better in writing than chatting in person, a coherent and charming thank you note can help shore up the final impression.The job interview as we know it is not suited super-well to those of us with introvert tendencies- but that doesn’t mean you have to accept that. You don’t need to become a soc ial butterfly overnight, but having a set of strategies in you pocket can really help you compete with people who take to the format much more naturally.

Bohrium Facts - Element 107 or Bh

Bohrium Facts - Element 107 or Bh Bohrium is a transition metal with atomic number 107 and element symbol Bh. This man-made element is radioactive and toxic. Here is a collection of interesting bohrium element facts, including its properties, sources, history, and uses. Bohrium is a synthetic element. To date, it has only been produced in a lab and has not been found in nature. It is expected to be a dense solid metal at room temperature.Credit for the discovery and isolation of element 107 is given to Peter Armbruster, Gottfried  Mà ¼nzenberg, and their team (German) at the GSI Helmholtz Centre or Heavy Ion Research in Darmstadt. In 1981, they bombarded a bismuth-209 target with chromium-54 nuclei to obtain 5 atoms of bohrium-262. However, the first production of the element may have been in 1976 when Yuri Oganessian and his team bombarded bismuth-209 and lead-208 targets with chromium-54 and manganese-58 nuclei (respectively). The team believed it obtained bohrium-261 and dubnium-258, which decays into bohrium-262. However, the IUPAC/IUPAP Transfermium Working Group (TWG) did not feel there was conclusive evidence of bohrium production.The German group proposed the element name nielsbohrium with element symbol Ns to honor physicist Niel Bohr. T he Russian scientists at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia suggested the element name be given to element 105. In the end, 105 was named dubnium, so the Russian team agreed to the German proposed name for element 107. However, the IUPAC committee recommended the name be revised to bohrium because there were no other elements with a complete name in them. The discoverers did not embrace this proposal, believing the name bohrium was too close to the element name boron. Even so, the IUPAC officially recognized bohrium as the name for element 107 in 1997. Experimental data indicates bohrium shares chemical properties with its homologue element rhenium, which is located directly above it on the periodic table. Its most stable oxidation state is expected to be 7.All isotopes of bohrium are unstable and radioactive. Known isotopes range in atomic mass from 260-262, 264-267, 270-272, and 274. At least one metastable state is known. The isotopes decay via alpha decay. Other isotopes may be susceptible to spontaneous fission. The most stable isotope is bohium-270, which has a half-life of 61 seconds.At present, the only uses for bohrium are for experiments to learn more about its properties and to use it to synthesize isotopes of other elements.Bohrium serves no biological function. Because it is a heavy metal and decays to produce alpha particles, it is extremely toxic. Bohrium Properties Element Name: Bohrium Element Symbol: Bh Atomic Number: 107 Atomic Weight: [270] based on longest-lived isotope Electron Configuration:  [Rn] 5f14  6d5  7s2 (2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 13, 2) Discovery: Gesellschaft fà ¼r Schwerionenforschung, Germany  (1981) Element Group: transition metal, group 7, d-block element Element Period: period 7 Phase: Bohrium is predicted to be a solid metal at room temperature. Density:  37.1  g/cm3  (predicted near room temperature) Oxidation States:  7, (5), (4), (3) with states in parentheses predicted ones Ionization Energy:  1st:  742.9  kJ/mol,  2nd:  1688.5  kJ/mol (estimate),  3rd:  2566.5  kJ/mol (estimate) Atomic Radius: 128 picometers (empirical data) Crystal Structure: predicted to be hexagonal close-packed (hcp) Selected References: Oganessian, Yuri Ts.; Abdullin, F. Sh.; Bailey, P. D.; et al. (2010-04-09).  Synthesis of a New Element with Atomic Number  Z117.  Physical Review Letters. American Physical Society.  104  (142502). Ghiorso, A.; Seaborg, G.T.; Organessian, Yu. Ts.; Zvara, I.; Armbruster, P.; Hessberger, F.P.; Hofmann, S.; Leino, M.; Munzenberg, G.; Reisdorf, W.; Schmidt, K.-H. (1993). Responses on Discovery of the transfermium elements by Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, California; Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna; and Gesellschaft fur Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt followed by reply to responses by the Transfermium Working Group.  Pure and Applied Chemistry.  65  (8): 1815–1824. Hoffman, Darleane C.; Lee, Diana M.; Pershina, Valeria (2006). Transactinides and the future elements. In Morss; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean.  The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements  (3rd ed.). Dordrecht, The Netherlands:  Springer ScienceBusiness Media. Fricke, Burkhard (1975).  Superheavy elements: a prediction of their chemical and physical properties.  Recent Impact of Physics on Inorganic Chemistry.  21: 89–144.

picasso essays

picasso essays The issue between the Israelites, the Jewish, and the Palestinians, the Arabs (Muslim), all really started in 1947 when the United Nations voted to give one half of Palestine to Israel. This occurred in what was formerly known as Palestine and now known as Israel. In 1948, Israel became a nation and Palestine loss land from the Israelites. Will this issue ever end over the land of Palestine? In 70 A.D., The Romans conquered the Jewish nations and forced the Jews off the land. For 10 centuries, Palestine was under the Islamic rule. In the 1800s, Jews started immigrating back to their homeland. By 1914, 85,000 Jews lived in Palestine. In 1917, during WWI, Great Britain issued the Balfour Declaration. It started support for a Jewish national homeland in Palestine. After WWII, many Jews were killed and had no place to go. United Nations divided Palestine into two states. The city of Jerusalem was an international city. In 1948, Jews were announced land in Palestine. In a matter of hours the Arab countries attacked Israel. At the end o 1948, Israel controlled  ¾ of Palestine and half of Jerusalem. At the end of the war, Palestinians had no country at all. Last, in 1967, a six day war, Arab countries, Jordan, Syria, and Egypt attacked Israel. At the end, Israel gained Jerusalem, the west bank of the Jordan River from Jordan, the Golan Heights from Syria, and the Sin ai Peninsula from Egypt. The two positions on this issue are the Israelis that want to maintain their homeland. Then the other side is the Palestinians that want land to claim as their own and govern the way they want. I think that they should go back to sharing the land. I feel Israel should own all of the land because it is their land originally but where would the Palestinians go? This same conflict will come up if the Palestinians dont have a place if their own. This way it is a compromise. ...

Conclusion Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Conclusion - Dissertation Example In the context of the political dimension and its correlation with the Saudi media, we infer that it is impossible to segregate the function of the information media from the general policy of the Saudi government, which is a written press policy. The SPA - Saudi Press Agency contributed as an intermediary between the agenda of the Saudi Arabian government and the work of the Saudi information media. The Saudi Ministry of Information appoints Editor-in-Chief who decides that what should be published and should not be published in the Saudi press and he is also completely accountable in front of the legal prosecutor of the state. The purpose of adopting this measure is to ensure that the newspapers in Saudi Arabia follow the path that has been designed for them so as to preserve the Saudi Arabian society as a conservative Islamic society, in its nature. The research findings through the content analysis shed light on why the Saudi press paid emphasis to the Bahraini conflict from the perspective of the military regime in Saudi Arabia. Firstly, the Saudi Arabian journalists were obligated by the Saudi Ministry of Information to provide state perspective or agenda to the Saudi people and Saudi society as a whole. Greater attention is given to the news belonging to the industrialized countries of the world such as the UK and the US. On the reasons for the dominance of Western and American news content could be the 'chess game' of politics as the Saudi Arabia supports these states and their governments. The 'geographic proximity', political and trade factors had influenced the amount of coverage given by the Saudi Arabian print media to the conflict in Bahrain. The Saudi media is viewed as an instrument of the state policy since it is governed indirectly by the Saudi government. It is can be expected that the policy of the Saudi government would be carried out from the media itself without showing any resistance. More particularly, the coverage of the activities of the Saudi government by the Saudi press would be positive in tone. Research Categories When creating categories for the content analysis, the newspaper content was classified with respect to the expanded and reformulated version of categories employed by Stevenson, et al. (Stevenson et al., 1990: 197-199). A brief description of these categories is provided below: Category A is classified as the main news topics, that include political, economic, military/defence, social service, education, religion, sport, crime/law/justice, natural disasters/accident, ecology/environment, multiple issues and many others. Category B is classified as the type of news. The selected types of news can be further divided into three categories: local or domestic news, international news that involves KSA and some other country irrespective of its geographical location and foreign news that has no association with KSA. Category C is classified as the tone of the main news topic, which can be further class ified as either positive or negative. This judgment was based on whether the news and its tone were favourable to the interests of KSA and the US. Therefore, the news items that emphasised only the causes or issues (such as discrimination, injustice, etc.) behind the situation in Bahrain were classified as having a negative

Introduction to film 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Introduction to film 2 - Essay Example Compared with other media, the distinctness of film is verisimilitude (Metz, quoted in Lechte 1994: 78) – creating a definite kind of credible resemblance or similarity to the real world (Kuhn 1985: 269). Unlike theatre, which is too real, film obtains its real power from its ability to produce reality by crossing unreality. Ironically, it is on this basis – creating an illusion of reality – that film achieves its realism, because it is this capacity of film, that the attitude of the spectator of ‘suspension of disbelief’ is achieved and where the power of film depends (Lechte 1994: 78). This â€Å"experience of realism in cinema is intricately tied to the impression, that the events and persons depicted are somehow real† (Riis 2002: 93). Here also lies the paradox of films: despite the knowledge that films are only screened, spectators still genuinely felt the portrayed events are genuinely happening (Riis 2002: 93; Kuhn 1985: 268). Also, thi s ‘impression of reality’ – the film’s defining mark, gives film the privilege to challenge analysis (Lechte 1994: 78). Films usually use three different styles in screenwriting: narrative/linear – tells the story chronologically, non-linear – defies chronology for example Quentin Tarantino’s â€Å"Pulp Fiction† (1994) and documentary – presenting reality in real-time (Niche Express.net 2009: 1-2). Fiction usually utilises linear and non-linear, while documentary film the documentary. Although realism principally characterises both fiction and documentary film (Kuhn 1985: 269), they still differ in their notion of representation, verisimilitude, realism, and reality, distinguishing them from each other. Documentary films are â€Å"strictly speaking †¦ non-fictional, ‘slice of life’ factual works of art †¦ [also] known as cinema verite† (Dirks 2009: 1) – in French means ‘cinema truth’ (Niche

Native Americans in Oregon 1800 - 1900 Research Paper

Native Americans in Oregon 1800 - 1900 - Research Paper Example Such rebellions led to loss of lives. This state of affairs also culminated into strikes like the ‘Trail of tears’. The results of these were poverty, outbreak of disease and loss of cultures. Following these unwelcoming events, a number of human rights campaigners and leaders such as Chiefs emerged to take up an important role of fighting for the rights of the Native Americans (Moton, pp.473). In 1860, there was a Civil war among self governing civilized tribes inside their territories .This was between those who were not sure who to support and who not to support. Others went to the North and others to the South. During such period, Red Cloud emerged as a Sioux Chief who was directly linked with the plain Native Americans transitions. He was a ferocious combat commander and a political leader, who was brave and fought without fear. He was born of white parents, but raised in the Native lands. He was determined to serve the Native Americans inhabitants homeland from invasion of white people. During this period he led the Native American warfare against the establishment of the Bozeman Trail (Douglas, pp.45). During his leadership, he led the Native Americans in offering resistance against the United States government. He was unwilling to allow the people to suffer from being pushed out of their lands. Under his leadership there were a series of attacks along forts trails, and this effort was one of the most successful offensives that were carried out in Native Nature. He led in the designing of a draft of Fort Lwamia treaty of 1868 that led to the possession of western half of South Dakota. He also opposed the movement of gold seekers and settles to the Black Hills. More so, he led a number of peaceful meetings and negotiations. In the beginning of 1870 an Okmulgan council was formed which was a federated structure to welcome and incorporate Native American protection and elevation from the plains. The

Need for communication in the international sports events Essay

Need for communication in the international sports events - Essay Example The project seeks to present the ways in which communication can be used effectively in the 2012 Olympic Games. As it is one of most awaited and popular events the world would wait eagerly for, it is crucial that a solid communication foundation is created and implemented for connecting the global audience and employees associated with it together. The game is likely to employ numerous temporary staff from all over the world to give effect to the big international event. Thus it is crucial that these staffs are united together through an effective communication system. It is also important that technology is applied for the purpose for enhancing and improving the efficiency of the system. The project presents certain communication strategies which might be employed in the 2012 Olympic Games and their contribution to the overall success of the game. Need for communication in the international sports events The international sports events, such as the Olympics require extensive coordination of activities of its employees. Olympics games employ numerous temporary staff, volunteers from different nations. This requires the implementation of a concrete communication infrastructure to collaborate workings and activities. Moreover it must also be ensured that there are not hurdles or hindrances in the communication process in the system. Also the greatest challenge in such international events is that they employ a huge number of employees.... Thus it is crucial that these staffs are united together through an effective communication system. It is also important that technology is applied for the purpose for enhancing and improving the efficiency of the system. The project presents certain communication strategies which might be employed in the 2012 Olympic Games and their contribution to the overall success of the game. Need for communication in the international sports events The international sports events, such as the Olympics require extensive coordination of activities of its employees. Olympics games employ numerous temporary staff, volunteers from different nations. This requires the implementation of a concrete communication infrastructure to collaborate workings and activities. Moreover it must also be ensured that there are not hurdles or hindrances in the communication process in the system. Also the greatest challenge in such international events is that they employ a huge number of employees. Managing the num erous numbers of people is likely to be problematic and create commotion. In such a condition it is crucial for the organization to employ a systematic and hurdle free communication strategy for smooth communication between the numerous employees employed in the system. The aim of an integrated and specialized communication system is to provide opportunities for the employees for exchanging information with one another in as minimum time as possible. This would consequently eliminate chances of miscommunication in the system which would consequently reduce chances of errors and complications too. Moreover errors leading to extra costs and investments could also be eliminated completely. In this regard, the

Movie review about MicmacsDirected by Jean-Pierre Jeunet

About MicmacsDirected by Jean-Pierre Jeunet - Movie Review Example He escapes from there and takes up the job in the video shop. One night while spending time leisurely in the video shop he gets caught in a cross fire in the gang war in the street. A bullet lodges in his skull. In the surgery table a surgeon explains different options before him and comically invites a nurse to toss a coin and decide the possible option. The toss decides that the bullet be allowed to stay in the skull. With the bullet in his skull Brazil can go on living; he will be fully conscious though he may get brain storms. But he can die anytime. From the hospital he is thrown back to the street, without job and shelter. He starts performing in the street, with his impersonations of Charlie Chaplin, the eternal tramp of Cinema. During one of his performances he comes across a bearded old lag, an expert criminal called Slammer. This acquaintance leads him to a bunch of outsiders who live under a garbage yard. They live among the heaps of discarded objects symbolizing how disca rded they are from life itself. The group includes the Elastic Girl (â€Å"a sensible soul in a flexible body†) who is a contortionist, a black ethnographer named Remington, a human cannonball named Buster along with the mother of the den Mama Chow whose daughters have disappeared.

PR Campaign Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

PR Campaign - Essay Example The company’s strategy will involve a research analysis of the prevailing popularity and potential improvements to be made. In addition, it will focus on how to engage in creating public awareness, the mode of communication and the evaluation of the entire process. The goal of the entire campaign should be the efficient expression of Ashley Braddock’s talents and gifts. Building the audience is one of the major strategies to achieving the results. The audience should be drawn from people of diverse ages, social and economic classes. In particular, we endeavor to begin our campaign by reaching out to the middle class. The middle class are capable of exciting the masses hence building her reputation. The middle class are the majority in the population, therefore targeting them will increase the chances of success by a big margin. The middle class people have lavish spending patterns on leisure and are easy to reach. Another from of audience will be drawn from the peers, institutions will provide a platform for a reach out to the young in lower grades, high schools and colleges. The ultimate goal of the campaign shall be to build a lasting image to the public on the uniqueness of Ashley’s gifts and talents. The company will be confined to make maximum use of the $ 75,000 to achieve the goal. Another goal will be to see a stepwise development of the public perception about the starlet; this shall be achieved through the frequent evaluations to be done on the extent of achievement. The campaign will have to establish a mechanism of reaching out to the masses; this goal is captured clearly under the strategies. The other issue will involve management of the starlets’ time and opportunities to ensure that maximum utilization of each is achieved. Finally, the company will have an obligation managing Ashley’s public figure in order to shield her from the negative

Activity-Based Cost Reduction Information in Governance Coursework

Activity-Based Cost Reduction Information in Governance - Coursework Example The board members are responsible for setting the organization’s goals and strategies to achieve them within the given period (Carver, 2011). This requires board members to have full information concerning products and services they intend to produce. The board members are responsible for budgeting for the resources the organization will require in the production of specific commodities. The information about resources required for the production process is essential because the board is aware of exactly what to produce in terms of quality and number of units of each product they will produce (Firstenberg and Schoff, 2009). The information also relates to the time in which the board members expect to raise the required resources and when they will complete the production process. The board will be able to determine the area of the shortage of resources for the completion of the production task for each activity or service and will decide whether to reduce the number of units t o be produced for each commodity or whether to add more resources in order to produce the targeted quantity (Carver, 2011). Since charitable organizations aimed at meeting specific needs of the society, activity-based costing will help the board members to establish a base for mobilizing more resources from financiers of the organization to provide essential goods and services in the society. The work of auditors is to obtain proof of the efficiency in which organization has utilized its resources. The auditors use activity-based costing information set by the organization’s board to make a comparison of what the board has actually produced in relation to what the board had planned to produce (Carver, 2011). The auditors will attest the value of each product or service in relation to the expenditure set by the board.  

PR Campaign Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

PR Campaign - Essay Example The company’s strategy will involve a research analysis of the prevailing popularity and potential improvements to be made. In addition, it will focus on how to engage in creating public awareness, the mode of communication and the evaluation of the entire process. The goal of the entire campaign should be the efficient expression of Ashley Braddock’s talents and gifts. Building the audience is one of the major strategies to achieving the results. The audience should be drawn from people of diverse ages, social and economic classes. In particular, we endeavor to begin our campaign by reaching out to the middle class. The middle class are capable of exciting the masses hence building her reputation. The middle class are the majority in the population, therefore targeting them will increase the chances of success by a big margin. The middle class people have lavish spending patterns on leisure and are easy to reach. Another from of audience will be drawn from the peers, institutions will provide a platform for a reach out to the young in lower grades, high schools and colleges. The ultimate goal of the campaign shall be to build a lasting image to the public on the uniqueness of Ashley’s gifts and talents. The company will be confined to make maximum use of the $ 75,000 to achieve the goal. Another goal will be to see a stepwise development of the public perception about the starlet; this shall be achieved through the frequent evaluations to be done on the extent of achievement. The campaign will have to establish a mechanism of reaching out to the masses; this goal is captured clearly under the strategies. The other issue will involve management of the starlets’ time and opportunities to ensure that maximum utilization of each is achieved. Finally, the company will have an obligation managing Ashley’s public figure in order to shield her from the negative

Supply Chain Integration Essay Example for Free

Supply Chain Integration Essay As a market leader in the fruit drinks industry, Delicious Fruity Company (DFC) offers fresh juice, long life fruit juice and juice concentrates to the consumer market. It has been establish in year 2001 located at Butterworth, Penang and with 12 years of experience, Delicious Fruity Company serve their consumers with the highest honour by practise continuous improvement and innovation in the fruit production process. The vision of Delicious Fruity Company is ‘To become one of the leading company in fruit beverage manufacturers and develop healthy and high quality products to serve our customers. ’ There is a wide distribution of network that enable customers to purchase fruit juice and juice concentrates of Delicious Fruity Company as the company situated their products in the most biggest supermarket in Malaysia which they are Tesco, Giant, Carrefour, Sunshine , Aeon, Jusco , Pacific and Econsave. The main consumer market that is target by Delicious Fruity Company is consumers in Malaysia which Delicious Fruity Company concentrate on local distribution channel. Description of Product According to The Times of India, benefits of drinking fruit juice such as oranges will keep your skin glow and keep you away from cold. Besides that, fruits juice contains essential nutrients that is much higher than a meal normally consumed by an individual. Delicious Fruity Company formulates fruits juices, long life fruit juice and juice concentrates that is high in nutrients and also quality as a promise to their customer where they think of quality, they will think of Delicious Fruity Company. They use fresh oranges, apples, lemons and etc. to extract the natural flavour of the fruit which there is no artificial flavouring used in the process of formulating the fruit juice and juice concentrates. This would reflect the safety of ingredient used by Delicious Fruity Company as it is insured from excessive use of chemical in their products. Problem Statement As mention before, Delicious Fruity Company use the extraction of fruits to transform the unprocessed fruit juice to become long life fruit juice. The main raw material that is largely used by Delicious Fruity would be fresh fruits like oranges, apples, lemons, grapes and etc. Repeated ordering from local growers below a significant time would likely to raise the cost of ordering, shipping and holding of fresh fruits and also the availability of materials which is always a major issue for Delicious Fruits Company. However, in the last two years, General Manager of Delicious Fruity Company, Ms Serena had come out with a plan which raw material would be order in bulk, which this idea would effectively help to brings down the figure of cost of ordering and shipping, ensure the availability of raw material but it would cause an increase in holding cost as those raw materials were about to keep under Delicious Fruity Company’s warehouse and facilities like huge refrigerator would have to be ready for the arrival of those fresh fruits. The benefit of the decision seems to be higher than the cost of the decision which in the end, Delicious Fruity Company started practice Ms Serena’s plan. Economies of scale would sound pleasant to Delicious Fruity Company but there is a serious problem arise from this decision which this approach creates overstocking problems, and as those fresh fruits are perishable commodities, the issue transform from bad to worse as the fruits lifespan ends. Proposal of Solution Nowadays, corporation with supply chain partners seems to be a new and better option for most of the company to run their businesses. The problem faced by Delicious Fruity Company would be able to be solve by using some of the strategies in supply chain integration which they are cross docking, collaborative, planning, forecasting, replenishment (CPFR) and joint product development. These strategies would be explain in details in the following paragraph. Cross Docking As cost of holding and handling materials is quite expensive which Delicious Fruity Company is not just pay for the rental of warehouse but they also pay for other overhead cost such as utilities of warehouse, insurance of raw materials and etc. Cross Docking would help to reduce this cost to minimum which cross docking is the practise of loading goods from an incoming truck and shift the goods directly in to another truck, trailers or rail cars. It is a combination of shipment and warehouse are not function as a storage house but it act as a distribution centre that receive shipment in bulk and break them into specific packaging and then send them out immediately to the manufacturer. As a fruit beverage manufacturing company, raw materials of Delicious Fruity Company are mostly perishable items which they are better suited to cross docking than others. Cross docking will ensure the freshness of those fruits that needs to be process. As the fruits needed to be kept in wooden crates and held in refrigerated cool rooms which the time required to be stored would decrease the lifespan of those fruits, therefore, fresh fruits is essential for Delicious Fruity Company which with this, ordering in large quantities and in large volumes would not work. The benefit that comes with this strategy would be cut down the time from the beginning of production which raw material could be deliver in a short period of time and the finished goods would be able to send out to customers faster which would keep the freshness of the fruit juice that brings out customer satisfaction. But to really implement this strategy, Delicious Fruity Company need to understand the demands in the market so that forecast would be carryout and accurate estimation of needs in the market would provide sufficient information to those local growers so that the quantity of each shipment can be send correctly and also the freshness of those fruits would be ensured. Joint Product Development One of the reasons that causes the General Manager, Ms Serena to make the wrong decision is because of insufficient information regarding Delicious Fruity Company. Ms Serena fail to make forecast of the market demand and focusing on only cost effectiveness and left the most important issue behind which is the equilibrium of the consumer market. Joint product development is an alliance between two or more parties in the supply chain. Delicious Fruity Company could implement this strategy with their retailers as retailers understands more on how consumer behave, this is because of retailers are the one who have daily contact with the final consumers and they share some of the customers’ preference by better understanding and keep up-date the consumers’ behaviour. With the help of Delicious Fruity Company’s partners such as Tesco, Giant and etc. Delicious Fruity Company should be able to forecast the demand of fruit juice beverage more accurate than before. Collaborative, Planning, Forecasting, Replenishment (CPFR) This strategy facilitate the demand forecasting process which the demand patterns and plan promotion activities for product were run cooperatively with supply chain partners. As CPFR not only just forecasting market demand and doing logistics stuff to help a firm, instead, it proactively articipate the whole process of business between the firm and its supply chain partners. For Example, may be the reason for bulk ordering to be fail is not cause by the inaccurate of forecasting market demand, but it is cause by the economic crisis that hits the consumers. Hence, if CPFR is about to implement, suppliers of raw materials would help in decreasing the price of fruits and the retailer of the company would introduce promotion to t he final consumers so that the market demand would not fall too sharply from normal season. There is a few steps that need to be followed while implementing CPFR which the first step would be Front-end agreement where participating company such as those local growers and retailers such as Jusco, Tesco agree to confidentiality and dispute resolution processes, develop a scorecard to track key supply chain metrics relative to success criteria, and establish any financial incentives or penalties. The second steps would be joint business plan where suppliers, retailers and also Delicious Fruity Company develop plans for promotions, inventory policy changes, store openings and closings, and product changes for each beverage category as to adopt the changes brought by CPFR. After that, retailers such as Tesco, and Delicious Fruity Company share consumer demand forecasts, and identify exceptions that occur when the plans that design do not match, or change dramatically. Delicious Fruity Company and their retailers resolve exceptions by determining causal factors, adjusting plans where necessary. This process is known as sales forecast collaboration. The next steps would be order forecast collaboration, which Delicious Fruity Company and its retailers and also raw material suppliers share the replenishment plan that had been design collaboratively with the retailer and then identify and resolving exceptions that would altered the initial plan. Finally, Order generation or delivery execution will be performed and the results from database of the retailer such as point of sales (POS), orders, shipment data and etc. s widely shared among supply chain partners. This would resolved the issue that mention before by this paper such as forecast accuracy problems, overstock or understock conditions, and execution issues. Challenges of Implementing Supply Chain Integration Although supply chain integration had been recognized as a successful strategy to manage the problem face during the operation process from a manufacturer to a retailer, however, there are issues and challenges that face by most of the industry to perform supply chain integration. Delicious Fruity Company need to overcome some of these barriers so that the implementation of supply chain integration would be successful. Trust would be the first element that a Delicious Fruity Company had to keep practising once the firm went into a supply chain integration which with if Delicious Fruity Company do not keep in faith in their suppliers, they will be unwilling to share data with their suppliers. In the end, the supply chain integration would not be able to perform. As a company is about to implement new policy, some stages of changes within the company will be required. As Delicious Fruity Company will implement this new strategy in the future, the management personal should consider the adaptiveness of the firm upon the implementation of new strategies. Besides that, there will be an increase in interdependency as Delicious Fruity Company engage in supply chain integration which suppliers, retailers and the firm are dependent on each other to survive in the market place. Yet, this interdependency would rise another issue which in reality there will be one or few parties or stakeholders in supply chain would better off and they enjoy the supply chain integration strategy the most, this situation been known as uneven partner benefit which Delicious Fruity Company needs to tame their emotion while they face such kinds of situation in reality. Lastly, most of the supply chain integration strategies requires extensive information technologies which Delicious Fruity Company need to equip themselves with hardware and software that is needed to implement a brand new supply chain integration policy. This would actually means that Delicious Fruity Company needs to allocate a large amount of cash flow as the restructuring cost that will be invested into the relationship with their supply chain partners. Conclusion Implementation of supply chain integration by Delicious Fruity Company is needed in order to keep up with its company vision which is ‘To become one of the leading company in fruit beverage manufacturers and develop healthy and high quality products to serve our customers. This is because of supply chain integration create more value for Delicious Fruity Company and also its customers, which can create stronger attraction for its products and services as extra competitive advantage. As stated in this proposal, where some of the practise of supply chain integration may lead Delicious Fruity Company to a better platform of serving their customers. But obstacles that faced by Delicious Fruity Company need to be overcome so that the successfulness of implementing suppl y chain integration strategy would be ensured.

Islamic Banking Systems in the UK

Islamic Banking Systems in the UK Ch. 1 Introduction This chapter provides a brief background of Islamic banking in the world as well as in the UK about its system and practice. The Islamic financial law has long history but Islamic banking and finance industry came into existence with Profit and Loss Sharing investment. Egypts Mit Ghamr Saving Banks in 1963. After official existence Islamic banking has grown in the area of finance, banking, insurance, mortgage, and assets management business with annual growth rate of 10-15 %. But actual development in Islamic banking is started after 1970 with new investment techniques, strategies and product development (Steward, 2008). Dubai Islamic Bank (DIB) is known as world first Islamic bank it was formed in 1975. Currently it has 48 branches which great services. DIB offers higher returns than conventional banking system as well they provide auto, home and personal finance products, (Platt, 2008). Islamic banking is a relatively little known in the West, and greater interest in disgust. The idea of Islamic Banking, but contains much more than the prohibition of interest. Islamic banking shows that ethics and finance can be connected to serve the society. The idea is to eliminate the banking system of injustice in the society. A clear link with the religion of Islam can lead to mistrust among the citizens in the West, perhaps out of fear of the unknown. Todays global society in the Arab world and the Islamic banking system is closer to us and must be treated. If the Islamic bank and its ethical values for the first time it will be utopia, the economic actors in the world. Attitudes are changing, but slowly, and in recent years, the value of the traditional banking system, which has begun to lo ok neutral, the conscience of a growing number of people. Author do not want to funds, banks and financial institutions, releases to companies which invest ethically and socially harmful act. The aim of this study is the question of Islamic banking important to clarify and explain some of their links to politics, history and religion. Islamic finance is on Islamic law Shariah that offers all the solutions and economic problems of the foundation. Under Islamic law, interest completely forbidden in Islam, because the interest rates very negative impact on society, such as the ability, purchasing power and increasing poverty, uneven distribution of the credit crisis and the economy. According to Usmani (2005) the main drawback in interest based system is financier has no concern with money when he gives an interest bearing loan to a client. But in Islamic financial contract cash money is not given to client, first of all they purchase the commodity and transfer to client then all profi t and loss will be distributed between parties according to agreed terms and conditions (Usmani, 2005). Is allegations that investment in Islamic financial system is very good for the economy, since the actual failure and the equilibrium, and it is helpful to improve the economy and society. Economic Law of Islam, there are some funds methods, such as Musharaka, Murabaha, Ijarah mudaraba and all the details of the case of the treaty, and some agreements in place systems for sharing profits and losses. Islamic financial system is based on the sharing of risks between the parties and the burden is not entirely consistent with the Parties. Islamic finance is not only the Muslim community because they are the moral and ethical approach to finance and investment. Islamic finance is also popular in all communities in the United Kingdom. Islamic finance has a number of challenges in the UK because the financial system is attractive to the traditional banking system, but the Islamic banking has great potential in the United Kingdom because it has less to five years in an Islamic bank carried out a significant role in the British financial markets . Ch. 2 The Problem According to the figures of Office for National Statistics 2001, there was 2.2 million (3.4%) Muslims living in the United Kingdom (National Statistics, 2010), but according to Home Secretary the Muslim population is increasing with high growth rate. In just seven years there is an increase of 40,000 Muslims in the UK and figures reached on more than 2 million which consist of 3.3% of total UK population (Guardian, 2010) There was no way available to the Muslims in the United Kingdom before 2000, but the Muslim population would spend their lives for their faith. Depending on the interest of Islamic education in Islam is strictly forbidden, and they want banking services such as savings accounts, checking accounts, mortgages, insurance and loans, backed by the Islamic law Sha Riah. The United Kingdom is a non-Muslim and all of its financial rules and rules for the traditional banking system. While the Muslim community has an active role in the economy, there was no need for a system that can start to accept these people. Islamic banking began in England in 2003, so that the Financial Services Authority. By 2003-2009, there is sufficient improvement and development of Islamic banking. There are currently two main part of traditional banks and Islamic banks, Islamic banking in its entirety. But the growing Islamic banking and start-up phase, and the Islamic bank is is a number of challenges in western s ociety as a socially, economically, and the contract terms. Instead of all the Islamic Bank now traditional banks also offer Islamic banking services with traditional banks such as HSBC Amanah offers the authors name is his own account in the name Lloyds TSB Islamic current account. Ch. 3 Aims and Objectives The United Kingdom is a non-Islamic country, the financial and banking rules most of the traditional banking system, because it is an Islamic bank is facing difficulties in the way of his progress. In other words, these problems, big challenges in the Islamic banking business, if they work hard to develop the Islamic banking in a short time. The study aims to identify opportunities for development and growth of Islamic banking in the United Kingdom and who are the biggest problems currently facing from the Islamic banking in the world in general and the United Kingdom in particular. I have divided the investigation of issues in three different areas, know that the banks and the Islamic banking sector, because is difficult without a basic understanding of information, develop the financial system, whether the opportunity for growth and development in the UK and what are the Challenges for Islamic Banking. This area will cover the basic and fundamentals of Islamic banking. It shows if the community and banks have a better understanding of Islamic finance and its exercise then it will play important role for development of Islamic banking in the UK. How important is to know the fundamentals of Islamic banking for Muslim Community and services providers? Do Muslim community really believe and understand the difference of Islamic and conventional banking? What are the factors that make Islamic banking prior to conventional banking to Muslim community? How important is Shariah law and its practice for Islamic finance and the role of Islamic scholars in promoting Islamic banking services and its products? The main research objectives of this project to be addressed are as follow: Is Islamic banking sector has a potential for product development? Whether Islamic banking is in position to satisfy its customers? Is Islamic banking has a potential to perform active role in the UK Financial Market and its growth in market development? Do Islamic banking able to enhance the investment opportunities in the UK and whether it can play prominent role for the UK economy? Is there any affect of the UK environment (political, social and geographical) for growth and development of Islamic banking? Is Islamic banking has proper regulatory and institutional framework in the UK? Whether Islamic banking has any problem in the UK in respect of supervision and scholarly committee? Is Islamic banking full informative to its customers or facing any difficulty in its marketing sector? Is Islamic banking in position to survive and develop in the age of competition and globalization?

Water Shortage in the Middle East Essay -- Environmental Science Ecolo

Water is the main source of life on the Earth. It is vital for normal existence and functioning of organisms. Earth is sometimes called â€Å"water planet.† But, in fact, the number of freshwater is limited. â€Å"Only about 2 percent of the planet's water is fresh.† (How much water is there on Earth?) This water is not enough even to meet daily needs of mankind. According to World Health Organization, â€Å"a lack of water to meet daily needs is a reality today for one in three people around the world.† (2009) In the Middle East the situation is especially hard. This region is thought to be one of the droughtiest places in the world, most of it’s territory is deserted. Freshwater accounts to 1 percent of the world’s supplies, while the population comes to 5 percent. (Baroudy 2005, 15) And this problem seems to become worse day after day. From the middle of the XX century demand on freshwater has increased three times. And this statistics will continue to grow with population rise and industrial development. Water scarcity is a huge problem, because it may have a number of economical, social and political consequences. Bad harvest and famine are one of them (Brown 2008, 16). Also lack of water for elementary daily needs will lead to insanitariness. This will increase risk of spreading such diseases as typhoid, cholera and dysentery (10 facts about water scarcity 2009). Also disastrous water shortage in the Middle East may change existent struggle into regional conflict. It is evident that this problem needs to be immediately solved. There are few possible solutions and some of them are already applied by this time. All of them have some advantages and disadvantages. The target of humanity is to find the best one. Firstly, one possible solut... ...ana/ (accessed November 20, 2010) Brown, D. 2007. Few alternatives in the Middle East. The Times. 13 April, 22. Newspaper Source. http://web.ebscohost.com/ (accessed November 20, 2010) Brown, L.R. 2008. Draining our future: The growing shortage of freshwater. The Futurist 42 (3): 16-22. Academic Search Premier. http://web.ebscohost.com/ (accessed November 20, 2010) Conway, M. 2008. The desalination solution. The Futurist (42) 3: 23-24. Academic Search Premier. . http://web.ebscohost.com/ (accessed November 20, 2010) Davidson, S. 2005. Making water – hold the salt. ECOS (124): 23-36. Academic Search Premier. http://web.ebscohost.com/ (accessed November 20, 2010) How much water is there on Earth? n.d. http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/earth/ (accessed November 20, 2010) Middle East Water Shortage. n.d. http://hydrology1.nmsu.edu/hydrology/wastewater/

The Impact of the New Deal on the Great Depression Era Essay -- Americ

The Impact of the New Deal on the Great Depression Era In 1933, President Roosevelt proposed New Deal legislation to alleviate the effects of the Great Depression through various public works programs and other federal initiatives. The many reforms of the New Deal were racked by intense criticism from their very beginnings. The New Deal was a catalyst in the surge of the federal government’s power. One year before the financial collapse on Wall Street, President Hoover said, â€Å"We in America today are nearer to the financial triumph over poverty than ever before in the history of our land† (Major 31). This overly confident statement was outrageously wrong. On October 24, 1929, the Wall Street stock market plummeted. As of that date, the beginning of the Great Depression has infamously become known as â€Å"Black Thursday.† The nation and its leaders were at first put off-guard by the unanticipated event of the economy crashing. However, a few leaders during Hoover’s remaining years in office did show signs that the government’s program of laissez-fair economics were out of date in resolving this catastrophe. Among the early proponents of direct welfare-relief was Wisconsin Republican Robert LaFollette Jr.. LaFollette went against the Republican political grain by proposing legislation that would help the plight of the poor by using federal relief money. Nevertheless, his plan could not be passed by the strong anti-welfare Republican majority (Landis par. 3). With the election of President Roosevelt in 1933, Americans of all social status felt a new found hope for an end to the depression. Roosevelt quickly began encouraging Congress to pass national relief bills after he was elected president. Only two months after his in... ..., and ‘Natural’ Disaster Relief: Narrating the American Welfare State.† Law and Society Review 33 (1999): 257-318. WilsonSelect Full Text Database. OCLC FirstSearch. M.M. Bennett Lib., St. Petersburg Junior College. 19 May 2000 http://firstsearch.altip.oclc.org/. Major, John The New Deal. New York: Barnes and Noble, 1967. Romanscu, Albert U., et al. The New Deal: The National Level. Ed. John Braeman, Robert H. Bremner, and David Brady. Columbus: Ohio State UP, 1975. Roosevelt, Franklin D. â€Å"Letters to the Nation’s Clergy.† 24 Sept. 1935. FDR Library. Stewart, Richard B. â€Å"Evaluating the New Deal.† Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy 22 (1998): 239-46. Academic Search FullTEXT Elite. EBSCOHost. M.M. Bennett Lib>, St. Petersburg Junior College. 19 May 2000 http://gw2.epnet.com/. With the Civilian Conservation Corps.† American Forests July 1933: np.

AT&T †An Overview Of The Existing Organization Essay

AT&T is one of the top leaders of the telecommunications industry. It is one of the largest fixed telephony providers in the US and the company also provides broadband and television services to its customers. AT&T is also the second largest mobile telephony service in US, with somewhere around 85.2 million wireless customers and 210 million overall total customers. The headquarters of the company are situated in Whitacre Tower, Dallas, Texas, USA. Randall L. Stephenson is the CEO, President and the Chairman of the company. History of AT&T The history of AT&T goes a long way in the past; it goes back to the times when Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876. The invention of the first telephone was considered to be the foundation of the company which would later be known as AT&T Inc.   AT&T had been the only company providing the telecommunication services in the US, it can be said that it had the monopoly over the industry. (AT&T, 2010) In the year 1984 there was an agreement held between former AT&T and the US Department of Justice that the company (i.e. AT&T) would divest its local telephone operations but they will remain in control of their long distance services, R&D and manufacturing arms. The result of the agreement was the creation of SBC Communications Inc. (formerly also known as Southwestern Bell Corp). The Telecommunications Act of 1996 created drastic changes in the competitive telecommunication industry. After operating for 12 years, SBC Communications Inc. decided to go global. And it did it by acquiring Pacific Telesis Group in 1997, Southern New England Telecommunication in 1998 and then in 1999 it acquired Ameritech Corp. And finally in the 2005 SBC Communications Inc. purchased AT&T Corp. and thus the new AT&T was formed. (AT&T, 2010) In 2006 a merger was conducted between AT&T and Bellsouth. The acquisition of Bellsouth also bought in Cingular Wireless and Yellowpages.com which were actually the joint venture between these two companies. Now all these services (including the wireless ones) come under the name of AT&T. Now it has become the leaders in the telecommunication industry. The Values of AT&T AT&T values it employees, customers and suppliers a great deal, because they understand the significance of the relationship between them. The company strongly believes in working together as a team so that they are able to achieve excellence. AT&T believes that Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is very important; therefore CSR is integrated within the culture of the company. In 2009 the company contributed somewhere around $155 million to the community. The company strongly believes in honesty, integrity, openness and respect, due to these values the company works hard to deliver on its promise and it always does the right thing. (AT&T, 2010)

The Difference Between Working in Air Asia and Malaysian

The difference between working for Air Asia and Malaysian Airlines ( MAS ) Are you looking for a job in airline company, but do not know which one to choose? Your query will surely be answered as we move along in this composition. Working in the airline industry is a truly wonderful choice as it’s exciting, fun-filled yet lucrative. In fact, they are merely two prestigious airlines in Malaysia, namely Air Asia and Malaysian Airlines ( MAS ). So which one will be a better choice to work for? To be a better choice, it must excel in several aspects, which are salary and benefits, potential for personal development as well as administrative system. Firstly, salary and benefits, which usually are the main attractions in job searching. Air Asia offers their employees relatively high wage, which is approximately 20% higher than their main contender – MAS. Moreover, benefits provided by Air Asia are too good to be true! Benefits include a 5-day work week, life insurance, annual free flight, employee discounts, compassionate leave, etc. On the other hand, MAS offers a lower salary as compared with Air Asia. Furthermore, employees of MAS do not enjoy attractive benefits like what Air Asia has to offer. Evidently, Air Asia has won this aspect hands down. Secondly, personal development is a key element in our lives, that is to say, life can be rather stagnant and meaningless without personal development. Air Asia caters to their employees need in this aspect by creating an environment that is conducive to personal development and having a series of stratagems that could out-think its opponents. One of the stratagems is that any employee, regardless of background, can request to have a â€Å"job-switch† and promotion at any time. With that in mind, you can start working as a ground crew and years later you become a captain! Whereas Air Asia’s arch-rival, MAS, is unconcerned about the employee’s personal development as a key element of life, thus initiatives have yet to be implemented. Air Asia wins another point by executing such scrupulous plan. Lastly, the administrative system implemented in the airline is also crucial to provide a better working experience. The CEO of Air Asia, Tony Fernandes believes that open communication with all the employees lead the airline to success. He has implemented open-door policy since the establishment, thus being accessible by anyone working in the airline. This policy has helped reduce bureaucracy and hierarchy, and the employees appreciate it a lot as it gives them the right to speak up and give new ideas. Whereas MAS, which has a bureaucratic administration, is less favorable to its employees. Under this circumstance, to lodge a complaint or make a request, employees need to go through endless red tape. This results in less productivity in the airline and a dull working experience for the employees. Again, the open-door policy by Air Asia creates a better working atmosphere for the employees, and hence stands the airline in good stead. In a nutshell, Air Asia has outshone its adversary – MAS in several ways, namely, offering better salary and benefits, creating higher potential for personal development as well as having more preferable administrative system. As shown above, Air Asia is a better airline to work for.

ISMG 3000 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ISMG 3000 - Assignment Example In this way, both parents and children will be in the cafe but separate lodges. With customer ethics, the client is not ethical. He seems to be rude in airing his grievances. He has not given the reasons why children should not be allowed into the cafe and does not provide any solution either. To encourage a communication that is open, I will make use of the business email. This method will enable me to respond to customers complaint without others seeing my response hence I will have an opportunity to handle all their grievances (Ammar, Sedigh-Ali and Ghafoor 40). An email will enable privacy. The above imply that e-commerce is an essential element that I need in my business. I will employ business to customer e -business model. The above entail transaction between a company and the customer on-line (Sri and Srinivasan 9). It will be used to sell cakes. Customer searching and marketing takes place on-line. After full ordering, shipment of the cakes to the clients destination will follow. The e -business strategy will facilitate quick and easy communication with the customers. It will also strengthen market capabilities and increase the operation hours of the enterprise (Sri and Srinivasan 10). The management will have access to broader information through research thus expediting customer service. The strategy will also reduce the location and availability restrictions thus reaching new markets. In a nutshell, it will keep the business relevant. It will also enable be to track various business metrics. The metrics that I will track in my business website include product comparison to see what is outside there. I will also monitor the users segments and customer satisfaction (Sri and Srinivasan 19). Additionally, shopping cart removes and sales funnel will be tracked. To partner with suppliers, I will employ the customer -business strategy. I will create a link of communication and payment system. The link will enable

Philosophy Inquiry Study Review Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Philosophy Inquiry Study Review - Assignment Example The study aimed at evaluating the existing differences in responses particularly from the black children as compared to the other children in the classrooms chosen for the study. This objective involved the role of questioning in socialization and  language. Variation of questions  was evaluated  in  proportion  to other types of responses or utterances contained in the three circumstances, as well as the uses of different questions and the assumptions on the functions of questions as established by the author. The objective of the research work was to  indicate  verbal strategies, and how the resultant ethnographic data in the home and community settings could be applied in comparing the collected data in the functions of  language  studies carried out in the classrooms. The research involved collecting  information  beyond the confines of the classroom, i.e. the interactions at the children’s  home  and also the teachers’ homes. This provided the  right  criteria for effective schooling ethnography. The research also aimed at demonstrating the desirability of long term  research  as shown in the author intermittently engaging health in the study for a period of 5 years. The study also aimed at demonstrating the  utility  of incorporating a  clear  frame of reference for use in the study.  The frame of reference used for this particular study was the ethnography of communication and language socialization.  These two elements are recent developments are interdisciplinary in cultural anthropology. The study also had direct  potential  of  application  for  education  improvement in the classroom through the interaction of the community and the  school. Research method The research presents  data  on the  usage  of questions in three different  circumstances. The  study  setup  was carried  out in a city located in the Southeastern United States, known to  comprise  o f black residents of the working class  community, children from this  community  who attended the classrooms selected for the study, and also comprising of the teachers’ homes who teach in the mentioned classrooms. The field work  was carried  out for a period of five years in both institutional and community settings. Results of the study  were shared  and discussed among the institutional and community settings. The first phase of the study  was carried  out in a group comprising of only black residents with the members identifying themselves as a community, both on the basis of  group  membership or spatial members. This  group  was referred  to as  Trackton  in order to  differentiate  the  group  from the entire  public  community. Majority of  Trackton  households had one or more of their members between the ages of 21 and 45, and worked in jobs that provided  high  or  equal  salaries to the teachers. Rulings of segregation often  put  black children to be taught by white teachers, in classrooms that were  formerly  for white students. The key focus on field work was the acquisition of language uses, ways of satisfying needs of children by learning language use, information transmission, asking questions, and convincing other children and adults that they were  competent  communicators. Data  was collected  for a period of five years while observing and participating in the classrooms and some homes for the teachers. Data  collection  was done  across a broad range of  circumstances, as well as longitudinally following the

Contract law Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Contract law - Coursework Example The paper defines a contract as an agreement between two parties or corporations that creates legally binding obligations and rights as pertains to the concerned entities. Contracts form the bulwark of communication, understanding and conducting business between two entities: individuals, or Business Corporation. Parties to a contract need to be very sure of the requirements of the contract and their stake in the endeavor, otherwise, they stand to lose financially extensively. This therefore means that for a contract to be sound: it has to involve two parties, there has to have been an agreement reached by the two parties and the contract must create legally binding rights and obligations. Litigation against a fellow passing by customer is invalid. To begin with, there is no contract arrived at by Arju and the fellow customer. Law defines their agreement as idem (mind agreement) but not a contract that is legally binding to both parties. This translates that litigation against the fe llow customer is null and void. This is since the customers’ information is not reliable and also the fellow customer has no duty of care towards Arju, this shield him from any litigation as a result of the information rendered to Arju and the consequences thereafter.Secondly, Arju cannot succeed in suing the fellow customer for compensation on the basis of caveat emptor (buyer beware). This is affirmed in a court ruling involving Smith v Hughes involving the sale of oats between the litigating parties. The plaintiff exhibited oats for the defendant to sample prior to the actual purchase and the defendant never complained. However, upon delivering the oats to the defendant, the defendant rejected them on the prospect that they were old and the plaintiff sued the defendant for compensation. In an appeal hearing, it was ruled that the seller acted in the best of interest and the buyer should have been aware of the shortfalls of contracts and not blame it on the seller. The cour t therefore revoked the litigation by the buyer. On this basis, by the fellow customer merely suggesting that Arju purchases the AK 47 water squirt as the ideal power washer, the liability for its non performance did not befall him. Arju should have been more careful and have adequate information on the best power washer and also be aware of the shortcomings of the power washer he was compelled to buy. It is evident that litigation against the fellow customer by Arju would not be successful2. A2. A sales assistant from the home decorating department who assures Arju that the store sells quality equipment, yet he has received over 200 faulty equipments in the past four hours Arju would successfully file litigation against the home decorating department assistant on the basis of misrepresentation. This is since the misrepresentation by the home decorating assistant has the four qualifications for a successful compensation to Arju as will be outlined. To begin with, the misrepresentati on was a statement. This statement is classified as a half truth as held by Lord Justice James in Arkwright v Newbold3 where he asserted that even if everything previously said is true but some information id left out, it qualifies to a false statement and consequently to misrepresentation. Even where the participants in the negotiations have no direct relationship with each other,

Work placement in Hailong Hotel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Work placement in Hailong Hotel - Essay Example The rest of the floors at the hotel have guest rooms. The total number of staff working in the hotel is thirty. The hotel has four receptionists, six floor supervisors, six room attendant, one cleaner, two securities, two hostess, two accountants and one general manager (Trip Advisor, 2012). When innumerable people work together in the same organisation, it becomes quite complex for the human resource manager to manage these group of people. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to determine an issue in Hailong Hotel and thus offer a theoretical background to the processes that is being focused on in the paper. Furthermore, the paper will also attempt to analyse that specific issue within the agency. Issues in Hailong Hotel Human resource management has attained major focus in the recent years because it contributes to overall efficacy in the organisation. If the overall success of the organisation depends upon the competence of its employees then it is significant for the o rganisation to manage them in a proper way so that the goals can be attained effectively (Yang & Cherry, 2008). The main issue that has been recognised is related to proper management of staff in the Hailong Hotel. The hotel staff requires adequate training so that they can function effectively and thus assist in attaining the goals of the organisation. Lack of training demotivates the employees to work in a proper way and thus might hamper the overall effectiveness in the hotel. Ineffective training problems generally tend to be associated with the workplace problems and thus if the hotel focuses upon improvement in the training that is rendered to the staff then it is likely to reduce problems related to understaffing and theft (Yang & Cherry, 2008). Theoretical Background to the Issues Being Identified Even though the hospitality industry identifies the fact that institutions from where they are recruiting their human resources are performing well, there are numerous concerns. Th ere are many hotels that are offering poor and inconsistent training and also train the wrong kind of people in order to attain a training subsidy. It can be mentioned that training must be attached with additional retention policies (Zhang & Wu, 2004). It is vital for an organisation to create a form of career structure as well as career development through which the industry can endeavour to modernise the recruitment as well as training methods. The hotel industry must offer its staff with the opportunity to progress professionally by means of studies and training, traineeships and apprenticeships (Whitelaw & et. al., 2009). Hospitality industry is one within which the customers are continuously overwhelmed within the hospitality in the way in which they are treated. It is a known fact that if the staff are provided with the quality training then in such circumstances it can enhance the motivation and their performance. Furthermore, the turnover rate of the staff might reduce as w ell (Valachis & et. al., 1995). It is quite difficult to be a part of the hotel industry especially in terms of management position. Different types of people tend to visit the hotels daily. Understanding this diverse group of people is also a cumbersome task for the management of the hotels. Diversity related training can mean a lot of factors. Training can focus simply upon the comprehension of cultures of numerous identifying groups and recreating a person’s biases, prejudices as well as stereotypes. Diversity training can be more focused upon the skills to assist the staff to learn a

Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Law - Essay Example Eventually, this has led to the member states’ attempts to minimize stemming the burden that unbridled movement of persons place on them. The Regulation EEC 1612/68 has already been applied to more than 2 million EU citizens exercising this right. In 1992, the Treaty of Maastricht created the Community model (amended Treaty of Rome), extended responsibility, and focused more on Community integration by exercising such rules. Originally, members of Community defined it as ‘economic activity’. However, this requirement has been abolished and under the new Directives, the nationals of the EU member’s state are classified as â€Å"Union citizens†1. Needless to say, the free movement of workers is secured2. This directly affects the EU member states by proposing and ratifying laws such as secondary law, Regulation (EEC) 1612/68, and Directives 2004/38. This essay will demonstrate and discuss the significance of Article 45, and potential issues such as (a) right to freedom of movement for job-seeker people; (b) right to freedom of movement after a failed marriage; (c) right to freedom of movement for non-married partners; (d) right to received allowances in another member states. Definition of workers: The definition of a ‘worker’ has a wider meaning as defined by the Community. However, it is not defined by the member of states3. For example, key case Lawrie-Brum4 concluded that a trainee teacher is a worker. It expanded the definition of a worker to a person who â€Å"for a certain period performs services for and under the direction of another person and in return receives remuneration†. This has given a broader interpretation of a worker, for example, if somebody works in a religious community he or she is still considered a worker5. This case law added further categories (i.e part-time chamber pupil6, part-time music teachers7, pacer in cycling race8, Professional footballer9); who were also regarded as worke rs because they engaged in an economic activity. The ECJ did not allow everyone because it restricts some categories under this broad worker definition. This is seen in the case of Bettray10. He claimed to be a worker while on drug rehabilitation programme. However, the ECJ declined to classify him as a worker because he was not engaged in any economic activity. However, scholars have heavily criticized it. 1.1 Job seekers: Article 45 (ex Article 39 TEC) gives the European Union citizens the right of movement from one union member nation to another in search of a job. However, Article 45 (3) subjects those rights to limitations because the state can derogate a person on the basis of the â€Å"public policy, public security, and public health†. Under the UK law, Procureur, 11an individual can be lawfully deported because he or she did not secure work within a limited time. However, the Court of Justice stopped a lawful deportation of an Italian job seeker12 by applying Article 45. Conversely, Aritcle14 (4) (b) of Directives 2007/38 allows citizens to enter into member states to seek for employment if they have genuine chances of getting a job. Nonetheless, the job seekers are not entitled to full benefits. Arguably, Antonissen13 and Collins14 confirmed this where the ECJ declined to give social security benefit because they were unsuccessful in looking for a job. In essence, this illustrates that citizens have the right to enter and reside in host country

The Calculation of GNP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Calculation of GNP - Essay Example 120 x 22 = 2640. In 2005, 210 tennis racquets were sold. 210 x 120 = 25,200. 2640 + 25,200 = 27, 840. Let 2004 be the base year. In 2004, 100 CDs were sold. 100 x 22 = 2200. In 2004, 200 tennis racquets were sold. 200 x 120 = 24,000. 2200 + 24,000 = 26,200. Percent Growth = 100% x ((27,840-26,200)/26,200)) Percent Growth = 7.02% Using 2005 as a base year, the real GDP for 2004 is 26,200 and the real GDP for 2005 is 840. This shows an increase of 7.02%. 10/10 4. Review GDP over last 5 years from BEA's website and summarize trends> Discuss two or three events which may have caused these trends. Although the last five years did not experience any recessions, the years 2000 and 2001 were low points in economic growth. Incidentally, the 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, all saw recessions in their first few years, so this slowing of economic growth early in the decade is not unusual (Orszag 2001). Like in other decades, after these first few slow years, the growth rate begins to accelerate again gradually through 2002 and 2003. At this point (late 2003, early 2004) we see a period of particularly fast growth (2003q3 9.3%, 2003q4 5.5%, 2004q1 8.1%) (Bureau of Economic Analysis, 2006). This may have been caused by government initiatives to give the economy a short-term boost for the year of the election (2004). If these initiatives were put into play half-way through 2003, it's possible that they were quite successful initially but only for a short time, and not very far into 2004. Although the GDP does rise in the 2004 and 2005, it's growth has been decelerating ever so slightly over the past two years. Still it remains fairly stable. The recent stability of the economy, despite extremely high energy prices, can be attributed to the relatively... At this point (late 2003, early 2004) we see a period of particularly fast growth (2003q3 9.3%, 2003q4 5.5%, 2004q1 8.1%) (Bureau of Economic Analysis, 2006). This may have been caused by government initiatives to give the economy a short-term boost for the year of the election (2004). If these initiatives were put into play half-way through 2003, it's possible that they were quite successful initially but only for a short time, and not very far into 2004. Although the GDP does rise in the 2004 and 2005, it's growth has been decelerating ever so slightly over the past two years. Still it remains fairly stable. The recent stability of the economy, despite extremely high energy prices, can be attributed to the relatively low unemployment rate throughout the last year (Sniderman, 2006). Sniderman, M. (April 2006). The Economy in Perspective. Research Department of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland. Retrieved April 15, 2006, from www.clevelandfed.org/Research/ET2006/0306/eip.pdf. Two formerly undeveloped economies, that of Singapore and that of Hong Kong, have shown unprecedented growth in the past fifty years. However, developing countries would benefit more from following an economic model similar to that of Singapore given the current economic trends and conditions.

Recommendations and Scope for Further Research Essay Example for Free

Recommendations and Scope for Further Research Essay This research was broad based, involving multi dimensional study of all possible factors influencing the Personal Market in general and Small Car Market in particular. There are very important findings related to influence of socio-economic issues of Indian middle class, infrastructural issues like development of roads, government policies, price and cost of running and maintaining the car etc. Performance of Tata Motors Nano car, which is the smallest car, in the small car segment, and was positioned to meet the requirement of a spatial segment of Indian buyer was also studied extensively. 6. 1 Findings and Conclusions Major findings and conclusions drawn from the study are listed below -1. 71 percent of respondents have shown their preference towards low engine capacity cars to get higher fuel efficiency. It shows that in future only cars giving higher fuel efficiency will be preferred by Indian consumers. . 73percent of the respondents have shown their preference toward small cars as due to increased traffic and congestion on roads. As vehicle population is increasing continuously and size of city roads started appearing narrow, it can be concluded that small cars will prove sustainable in the future. 3. 74 percent of respondents have shown their preference towards small cars due to parking convenience of roads. In cities due to phenomenal increase in number of vehicles, parking is proving to be a big problem. Parking of small cars is a bit easy and therefore, in future people are likely to prefer small cars. 210 4. In recent past car manufacturers have launched a number of models of small cars with comparable features of big cars, consequently small car owners can now enjoy all these features in small cars also. In all 73 percent of respondents have expressed their happiness due to this reason endorsed the purchase of small car. 5. In India still personal disposable income of majority of respondent is not so high that they can afford to buy a big car and therefore, 71 percent of the total respondents have expressed their opinion that their disposable income permit them to buy only a small car and thus small cars are going to be sustainable in Indian car market. 6. In India due to increase in literacy rate and also desire to lead a comfortable life have induced the people to observe small family norm, which can easily be accommodated in small cars, the of choice people is, therefore, shifting towards small cars. 0 percent of total respondents have expressed the view that small car is good for them as they have small family. 7. 70 percent of the total respondents have expressed their opinion that they prefer the small cars as repair facility is available easily and next to their door for the repair of the same. 8. In past few years the number and percentage of women in employment is increasing staidly. Such women employee prefers the small cars due to variety of reasons. 76 percent of the total respondents have expressed their agreement to the fact that increased women employment has boost the sale of small cars. As this trend is going to persist, the future of small car is bright. 9. Increased affluence and easy availability of loans and finance facilities have led to many two wheeler users to buy their first car which is normally a small car. This has made the small cars sustainable in Indian car market. 78 percent of total respondents have endorsed this fact. 10. In past few years urban as well as rural affluence has increased. This has boosted the trend of urbanization. This in turn induces the people to buy 211 ars. In all 77 percent respondents are of the opinion that growing urban population has boost the market of small cars in India. 11. In past one decade a phenomenon improvement has taken place in the road network. This has induced the sale of small cars in India. 81 percent of the total respondents are of the opinion that improved conditions of roads even in small cities have led to increase in demand of small cars. 12. Government of India has formulated such policies which stimulate the sale of small cars. 2 percent of total respondents are of the opinion that favorable government policy has boost the sale of small cars. 13. Price of the cars as well cost of spares, parts and component also govern the choice of a car. Normally price of small cars as well cost of spares, parts and components are comparatively low and affordable. Therefore, people prefer to buy small cars. This fact was endorsed by 74 percent of the total respondents. Thus it appears that small cars are going to be sustainable in Indian market. 14. The cost of repair and maintenance is comparatively very low in case of small cars. This also remains one of the considerations in forming the decision to buy a car. 83 percent of the total respondents are of the opinion that lower cost of repair and maintenance has influenced their decision to buy a small car. 15. Government levies taxes on small cars by low rate and rate of insurance of small cars is also very low as compare to big cars which are higher priced, therefore large number of people opts for purchase of small cars. A majority (68%) of the respondents have shown their agreement towards this. 16. About 3/4th of the total respondents are of the opinion that small cars are still preferred choice of Indian consumers therefore, it can be concluded that small cars will be sustainable in Indian car market. 17. 77 percent of the respondents are of the opinion that constantly rising costs of inputs and fuel prices will contribute to the sustainability of small cars. 18. Small cars prove sufficient to meet the family needs of Indian middle class and therefore, small cars remain preferred choice of Indian middle class. 212 This fact was endorsed by 82 percent of the total respondents. Therefore it can be concluded safely that small cars are going to be sustainable in Indian car market. 19. Over the years a status consciousness has developed among Indian middle class and to fulfill this need they prefer to buy small car as most of them can not afford to buy a big car. Therefore, small cars remain a preferred choice of Indian middle class. 82 percent of the total respondents have endorsed this view and therefore it can be concluded that small cars will be sustainable in Indian automobile sector. 20. Indian middle class consumer is buying a car for either as a necessity or for comfort. The financial constraint therefore does not permit him to have the luxury of expensive, out of reach big cars. 82 percent of the total respondents of this study are of the same opinion. Looking to large base of middle class population in India, it can safely be concluded that small cars are going to be sustainable in Indian car market. 21. Parking of cars at residence is proving a difficult proposition now-a-days. Indian middle class resides normally in compact houses, parking space is in these houses is limited or non existent. In such conditions Indian middle class finds it is more comfortable with small cars. 83 percent of the total respondents acknowledged this fact and endorsed that the parking convenience at residence induces middle class to buy a small car. Thus it is concluded that small car will be sustainable in Indian car market. 22. Family and peer pressure often plays an important role in making buying decision of a vehicle . In case of Indian middle class this pressure induces them to buy small car. 68 percent of the total respondents were of the opinion that this pressure nduces the Indian middle class to buy the small cars. Therefore, small cars will remain a preferred choice of Indian middle class. 213 23. Working women in general and from middle class in particular prefer to buy a small car due to driving and parking comforts offered by such cars. Therefore, small car is a preferred choice of Indian Middle class working women. About 84 percent of total respondents have endorsed this fact. As the number of middle class women employees is on increase continuously, it can be concluded that small cars will sustain in the Indian automobile sector. 4. The focus of current middle class families is more on spending and enjoying life. Their personal disposable income has also increased substantially. The desire to lead a conferrable life is motivating them to buy a car, and with the financial constraint more then often it is small car. Therefore, popularity of small cars is increasing. 80 percent of respondents have shown their agreement that desire to lead comfortable life among middle class will contribute to the sustainability of small cars. 25. Of late Indian middle class has become status conscious. One of the simple ways to exhibit the status consciousness is to buy a car. Therefore, more and more middle class people are embarking upon the decision to buy a car. This fact is going to contribute to the sustainability of small cars in Indian automobile sector. 83 percent of the total surveyed respondents have expressed their agreement to this. 26. Number of middle class people is on continuous increasing in Indian, since small car is a preferred choice of this segment, it can be concluded that small car will sustain in Indian market. This view has been endorsed by 81 percent of the total respondents. 7. A very small car launched by Tata Motors is not sustainable in Indian automobile sector as 82 percent of the respondents have expressed their opinion against Nano it is perceived as not safe and stable. 28. Tata Motors Nano is not preferred by Indian consumers in spite of being low price and more fuel efficient, as almost 97 percent of the respondents have 214 expressed their agre ement to this. Thus price of car and fuel efficiency of it, are not only the factors taken into consideration by Indian consumers while making purchase decision for cars. Their decisions are governed by other factors also like safety, features, driving comfort, status, convenience, etc. 29. Nano is not even preferred by Indian consumers as suitable for â€Å"† Only for City use† car.. 91 percent of the respondents have expressed this view. 30. Nano is not a preferred choice of Indian consumers, neither as a first car nor as a second or additional car. 88 percent of respondents have disown it as their choice as a first car and 93 percent of respondents have disown it as their choice as second or additional car. 31. Tata Motors Nano car was positioned as a better alternative for two wheeler. However those who are using two wheelers for their personal and family use and can afford to buy at least a small car are also having hesitation in buying Nano. 93 percent of the respondents have that they would not like Nano to take out their family instead of scooter or a motor bike. Thus it can be concluded that Tata Motors Nano has lost it’s initial charm and hype created in Indian car market. 32 Out of the total surveyed respondents (1500) , 1271 respondents have acknowledged that they are using small car ,remaining of respondents said they are not using a small car. This implies that Indian car market scene is still dominated by small car. 33. 79 percent of the respondents those using small car have expressed their satisfaction with a small car. Remaining 21 percent of respondents were not satisfied by with the small car. This very high satisfaction level with the users, is clear indication of sustainability of small car in Indian market. 34. 83 percent of the total respondents have acknowledged that they would like to recommend the car currently being used by them to the prospective buyers. This again shows that most of the car users are satisfied with their 215 present car, whether big or small, and they would like to recommend the same to the prospective buyers. This study has already established the fact that the sale of small car is dominating, this response further support the sustainability of small car in Indian market. 35. This study also reveals that 73 percent of the respondents have expressed their opinion that small car will be the preferred choice of Indian Middle Class and will sustain in Indian car market. 6. For this study the questionnaire was so designed to get a clear idea about the preferences, choices, socio- economic issues, financial constraints, influencing factor of government actions and policies, consumer profiles etc. Since the study covers interest of all stake holders of Indian automobile sector, the recommendations are grouped under the following†¢ Recommendations for the car and auto component manufactures. †¢ Recommendations fo r auto finance organizations. †¢ Recommendations for policy planners- †¢ Recommendations for prospective car buyers. One important finding coming out of this study, which can change significantly the dynamics of Indian business, is shift in the consumer profile. Though the urbanization is taking place at a very high rate, it is the consumption of Rural India which is increasing at faster rate then Urban India. There for the recommendations for the basis of shift in consumer profile are grouped together, for the four segments of stake holders as specified above. 216 6. 2. 1 Recommendations for the car and auto component manufactures1. The fuel efficiency is one of the prime concerns of the car users and therefore it is recommended that the future car engine designee should be based on fuel efficiency and note on high horse power. 2. The availability of repair facility is having influence on buying decision, and therefore it is recommended that the car manufacturer should address this requirement before introducing any high technology based models of small cars for Indian market. 3. The study reveals that the small car is preferred by working women. Introduction of some variance of the car models having â€Å"Women friendly accessories† will attract the women customers. 4. The cost of the spare parts is of concern of car users. To boost the sale of their product it is suggested that the auto component manufacturers, open their dealer networks and service outlets to meet customer’s requirements directly. This is already in practice for car batteries, tyers etc. The Auto electrical segment can also use this. 5. The study reveals that there is shift in consumer profile. The consumer in he rural area is having more stakes in consumption. Currently the car designs are for the urban users. It is recommended that to take advantage of this shift some variance of car models can be designed to attract rural customers. 6. The Tata Motors Nano car is having low price and fuel efficient engine, but as the study reveals it is not accepted by consumers due to various issues like safety, durability, not suitable for long distance travel etc. It is recommended that car manufacture should take a note of this in designing the future models. They are advised to conduct the extensive survey of consumers, particularly, of Nano users, that why a small car launched in Indian car market with a big fan fare could not pick-up and lost its charm in a very short span of time, so that they can revive Nano as per expectations of public and can make it a great success in Indian car market. 217 7. Although 79 percent of the small car users have expressed their satisfaction with the small car being used by them, but 19 percent of the respondents have also expressed their dissatisfaction with the small car which can not be termed as insignificant from any yardstick. Small car manufacturers are advised to develop a suitable mechanism to identify such dissatisfaction and must take concrete steps to overcome their dissatisfaction. 6. 2. 2 i. Recommendations for auto finance organizations. One of the findings of the study is that financing of car purchase is key driver of auto industry. In the discussions it is felt that, as the disposable income is low in the beginning of the career and increases with the passes of time the initial Equated Monthly Installments (EMIs) are proved heavy and burdensome on the purchasers. ii. It is therefore, recommended that auto finance companies can adopt a model of financing in which monthly payment in the initial period can be low, with a gradual increase afterwards. 6. 2. 3 Recommendations for government and policy planners(i) The constantly increasing fuel prices on the one hand support the choice of small car but on the other hand the cost conscious consumer may stop shifting from two wheelers to car. The government, therefore, can take suitable policy decision to offset the impact of increased fuel price by reduction of other taxes and duties on fuel. ii) The study reveals the concern of the parking and traffic congestion on roads. It is recommended that â€Å"Town Planers† and policy makers in the government should suitably address these problems. Looking to the shortage of parking area in the city following solutions can be considered(a) Providing high-rise parking setups with lifts. 218 (b) Parking plazas out side city, with rapid transport system conne ctivity to business areas. (c) Making it mandatory to use roof tops for parking, like basement is used of high-rise buildings. (d) The traffic congestion on road, especially in cities, is often because of non adherence to the driving discipline by users. The traffic management system, therefore need to be made more efficient, active and accountable. (iii) To further boost automobile sector, more reforms in this sector are required, Since the Auto Policy published in 2002, is already more then a decade old a working group of experts should be asked to come out a new policy frame work, taking into consideration the current status and challenges. 6. 2. 4 Recommendations for prospective car buyers. (i) From this study one fact has come out clearly that, currently many models with many variances in each model, are available for a buyer. It is therefore recommended that in selecting a car the buyer should carefully evaluate the technical specifications, and match, the same with his needs. (ii) There are different schemes with different auto finance organizations. With a careful study of the schemes available at the time of car purchase, substantial saving in car financing can be obtained. (iii) Tata Motors Nano car is not favored by majority of the respondents, due to their perceptions, related to safety, stability, status symbol etc. However the manufacturer is continuously working to rectify these concerns. For the buyers having low disposable income, it is therefore recommended that at least considering the very low price of this car, the current model available at the time of purchase can be once again technically evaluated (iv) The government policies for protection of environment are also influencing the engine type and the fuel used in a car. It is therefore 219 recommended that buyer should select a model which is having futuristic technology engine. This study reveals the fact that the ‘Rural Market’ of India is growing more rapidly then ‘Urban Market’. The perception of car manufacturing industry as well as policy planers with the government in India has considered car as a commodity for urban population. This sift in the consumer profile if taken into serious consideration can lead to following recommendations6. 2. 5. 1Recommendations for the car manufacturesi. The interior design of the cars for the future models can be reviewed, and new models or at least some variants of new models can have features suitable for rural buyer. To give examples the long front seat of retro models can be reintroduced, the capacity of petrol tank can be increased etc. ii. The topographic requirement of rural area can be considered for technical specifications, of the cars e. g. wheel size, road clearance etc. to make it more acceptable in rural India. It is necessary to provide additional protection against dust to the vital elements, like fuel injection systems, carburetors, ignition system etc. iii. It is recommended that car manufacturers explore the possibility of introducing â€Å"Four Wheel Drive† system in small car as well. iv. The Personal car sales- net work currently focuses more on urban India, a shift is recommended in this approach. v. It is recommended that, after sale service net work is to be extended to rural area. Since the area to be serviced will be very large, a module having a central workshop with mobile service vehicles attached to it can also be considered. 220 vi. For the manufacturer like Maruti having major stake in small car segment, it is recommended that they can develop a system through which some selected fuel outlets can be used for providing authorized repair service by tanning the staff of fuel outlet. . 2. 5. 2 Recommendations for auto finance organizationsi. The current system of Equated Monthly Installments, is meeting the requirements of urban consumers which are generally fixed monthly income employees. The earning pattern of the rural consumers is different as it is seasonal. Therefore it is recommended that schemes where the option of repayment in unequaled installments, with a rider to make the complete repayment in a predefined period can be introduced. ii. The cooperative banks are generally very strong in rural India. It is recommended that captive auto finance companies can start exploring the possibilities of working with these banks. 6. 2. 5. 3Recommendations for policy plannersThe growth in auto industry segment works as a catalyst for the entire manufacturing sector. This growth is meeting the two very important key objectives of the government e. g. Improved GDP and more employment. It is therefore recommended that the policy planners in government should design the policies which can boost the sale of cars (small cars) in Indian ruler market.